Monday, 20 March 2017

CASE STUDY 3

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Assalamualaikum and have a nice day everyone, today we are given the new task for chapter 7. This group discussion consist of 3 members, Siti Asmadiana binti Saiful Amran , Solehah binti Johari and Nurul Najihah binti Rosli and we are from the Solenoid's group.😁

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY
A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.

DEFECTIVE INSULATION HAZARD :

⇨IMPROPER GROUNDING HAZARD
Grounding is the process used to eliminate unwanted voltage.
A ground is a physical electrical connection to the earth

Electrical equipment must be properly grounded.
Grounding reduces the risk of being shocked or electrocuted.
The ground pin safely returns leakage current to ground.
Never remove the ground pin.
Removing the ground pin removes an important safety feature.
You can get shocked!

⇨ OVERLOAD HAZARD

Overloaded circuits can cause fires.
Use proper circuit breakers
Never overload an outlet.
Do not use power strips or surge protectors on construction sites.
Use a 3-way extension with a GFCI instead.

WET CONDITION HAZARD

Wet conditions are hazardous.
Damaged insulation increases the hazard.
Always avoid using tools in wet locations.
Water increases the risk of electric shock.

PREVENTING MEASURES IN ELECTRICAL SAFETY

PROTECTION FROM DIRECT CONTACT

which is electrical shock on touching directly a live conductor or cable

PROTECTION FROM INDIRECT CONTACT

which is occurs due to contact with a part which is connected to the electrical instalation , possibly due to damages in the appliance or insulation , resulting in leakages of current .

SAVE WORKING ENVIRONMENT

LOCK OUT AND TAG OUT

All electrical source
Place on each disconnecting means used to de-energize circuits
Attach lock to prevent operating
Place tag with each lock

OVERLOAD WIRING BY USING THE RIGHT SIZE AND TYPE OF WIRE

Max.Ampere rating vs size for copper conductor
value are not more than 3 conductor in raceway or cable

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF ALL ABOVE IS NOT CONTROL?

The number of injuries among electrical workers will be increase

There will be no more electrical workers because they to afraid that they will die.

It will been traumatized for the victims

Half of their body will been burn and died.

They also will lose some of their sensation.

Conclusion

•Adequate electrical safety in health-care facilities and systems can be achieved at moderate costs by combining:

1.Good power-distribution system

2.Well designed equipment

3.Periodic maintenance and testing of power systems and equipment

4.Modest training program for medical personnel

REFERENCE

https://www.lanl.gov/safety/electrical/docs/elec_hazard_awareness_study_guide.pdf

http://ecmweb.com/content/safety-patrol

http://www.atlantictraining.com/blog/electrical-safety-training-powerpoints/

http://www.hobbyprojects.com/electrical-hazards/conclusion-preventing-electrical-hazards.html

http://www.ece.ucy.ac.cy/courses/ece473x665/slides/8.pdf

Thursday, 16 March 2017

Day first with OSHA

Presentation First Aid

Chapter 2 Chapter 7 Electrical Safety

Thursday, 9 March 2017

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 3_INCIDENT PREVENTION

GROUP DISCUSSION - Chapter 6_HIRARC

INTRODUCTION

Hazard Identification , Risk Assessment and Risk Control ( HIRARC )

HIRARC

We need to know about OSH because:

-It is a requirement under the law (OSHA and its Regulations);
-We need to make provisions for securing the safety, health and welfare of our colleagues;
-We need to make provisions for protecting our clients against risks to safety or health in connection with our trade and activities.

In order for us to achieve the objectives of OSH we need to look into HIRARC which is the basis of occupational safety and health. HIRARC is a compound word which is made up of three consecutive activities running one after the other. The activities consist of Hazard Indentification, Risk Assessment andRisk Control. Hazard indentification is the recognising of things which may cause injury or harm to a person. Risk assessment is the looking at the possibility of injury or harm occuring to a person if exposed to a hazard. The introduction of measures which will eliminate or reduce the risk of a person being exposed to a harzard is known as Risk control.

-We need to know about HIRARC because:
-it is the core business of all OSH personnel, safety committee members, supervisors…etc.
-it is a DIRECTIVE from the Chief Secretary of the government service to all government departments and agencies through its letter of directive: UPTM 159/267/50 Klt.4 dated 20th of August 2004.
-Before the proccess of identifying any hazards begin, it is necessary to know how to classify what is hazard, risk and danger.
-Hazard_anything that can cause harm.
-Risk_a probability of harm actually being done.
-Danger_£the relative exposure to a hazard.

Hazards can be sub-classified into health or safety hazards.

WHY NEED RISK CONTROL

The hierarchy of risk control is a system of control measures used to eliminate or reduce exposure to hazards, which has five levels of control measures. It is used when undertaking a risk assessment, to decide on which precautions are needed to control the risks posed by the hazards.

The most effective measure is at the top of the hierarchy and the least effective is at the bottom. So the idea is that you start from the top of the hierarchy in choosing your control measures, and work your way down. In most cases a combination of control measures from the hierarchy are chosen to effectively reduce the risk posed by a hazard. The hierarchy of risk control is useful in determining which control measures are appropriate. The most effective control to deal with a hazard is to eliminate it, but that is not always possible. Some hazards cannot be eliminated. So, the aim of implementing the hierarchy of risk control is to get as many control measures in place so that the risk from a hazard is reduced "as low as reasonably practicable".

Here's an example for a large pothole in the path

Elimination (completely remove the hazard at source) – there is a large pothole in the path causing a hazard to users, repair the pothole, completely removing the hazard

Substitution (substitute the hazardous activity, process or substance with a less hazardous one) – ask users to use an alternative path, until the pothole has been repaired

Engineering controls (isolate the hazard from people who could be harmed) – install a suitable barrier around the pothole, to protect path users, until the pothole has been repaired

Administrative controls (change the way people work or prevent people's exposure to hazards) – ensure all path users are aware of the large pothole by installing a warning sign, and clearly marking around the pothole with yellow spray paint. Have a maintenance schedule and inspection system in place to inspect paths regularly so that problems like potholes are noticed and repaired before injuries from trips and falls occur. Do training in path inspection so you know what to look for.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (provide PPE to cover and protect an individual person from hazards) – ask the path users to wear a hard hat, knee and elbow pads (unrealistic!!). Note – PPE can be used as a temporary control measure until other more effective control measures are provided. In most cases a combination of other control measures and PPE can effectively control the risks from hazards and protect those exposed to them.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE RISK IS NOT IN CONTROL?

Workers may got the serious accident that can cause them get into the hospital such as arm and leg broken, head blooded, and the most critical is death. In order to reduce the hazard or most critical hazard rate, the employer should show commitment towards safety and health practices & therefore giveful priority to promote enforce the safety & health rules in workplace. Hierarchy of control were use in order to minimize & control the most critical hazard that exist at the workplace. Next, to ensure the safety culture can be implemented in on organization. The management & workers have to take part in any safety & health programme and give a full cooperation when come to safety & health issues.We should practice safe and healthy of living in this world with applying the enforcement rules and regulation that related the workplace safety and hygiene. The most important things in this world is "health" without it life is nothing. What- If hazard analysis is a relatively simple and flexible method and identifying and analyzing hazard in a process, activity or system. It can be apply to a wide range of circumstances in almost all industries. As one of the process hazard analysis methods listed in the OSHA Process Safety Management standard, the What -If method has become a commonly use technique, both in regulated and non regulated operation

CONCLUSION

So now you know something about the ‘hierarchy of controls’. Each layer has its own intricacies and nuances that can only be learned by training and experience. With a documented risk assessment in hand, you can begin to apply the hierarchy to control the risks. Don’t forget to iterate the assessment post-control to document the degree of risk reduction achieved. You may create new hazards when control measures are applied, and you may need to add additional control measures to achieve effective risk reduction.

The documents referenced below should give you a good start in understanding some of these challenges.

REFERENCE

1) https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/hirarc-26866997.jpg

2)https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDUHvKthMsq4qk-FlGx1pEqHp5jmM3ceZRqg5hZB98veNPLRa6tHQgUAaK06tdn1FAE0IBUyrMZUOpdQL28caqlBoWvolAfh_8Rgb4zCf0e1qMyLQ0ied3nBsFzxx67cVeosBBRgg3hyphenhyphenI/s1600/untitled+SHO11.JPG

3) Https://www.masma.com.my/single-post/2016/12/04HIRARCguideline/dosh

4) www.asec.com.my/hazard-identification-risk-assesment-risk-control-hirarc/

5)comp.utm.my.lab?p=2079

THANK YOU!